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313 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
313 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# Lo-Dash <sup>v1.3.1</sup>
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A low-level utility library delivering consistency, [customization](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#custom-builds), [performance](http://lodash.com/benchmarks), and [extra features](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#features).
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## Download
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* Lo-Dash builds (for modern environments):<br>
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[Development](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.3.1/dist/lodash.js) and
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[Production](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.3.1/dist/lodash.min.js)
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* Lo-Dash compatibility builds (for legacy and modern environments):<br>
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[Development](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.3.1/dist/lodash.compat.js) and
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[Production](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.3.1/dist/lodash.compat.min.js)
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* Underscore compatibility builds:<br>
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[Development](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.3.1/dist/lodash.underscore.js) and
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[Production](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.3.1/dist/lodash.underscore.min.js)
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* CDN copies of ≤ v1.3.1’s builds are available on [cdnjs](http://cdnjs.com/) thanks to [CloudFlare](http://www.cloudflare.com/):<br>
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[Lo-Dash dev](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.3.1/lodash.js),
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[Lo-Dash prod](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.3.1/lodash.min.js),<br>
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[Lo-Dash compat-dev](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.3.1/lodash.compat.js),
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[Lo-Dash compat-prod](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.3.1/lodash.compat.min.js),<br>
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[Underscore compat-dev](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.3.1/lodash.underscore.js), and
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[Underscore compat-prod](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.3.1/lodash.underscore.min.js)
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* For optimal file size, [create a custom build](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#custom-builds) with only the features you need
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## Dive in
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We’ve got [API docs](http://lodash.com/docs), [benchmarks](http://lodash.com/benchmarks), and [unit tests](http://lodash.com/tests).
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For a list of upcoming features, check out our [roadmap](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/wiki/Roadmap).
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## Resources
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For more information check out these articles, screencasts, and other videos over Lo-Dash:
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* Posts
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- [Say “Hello” to Lo-Dash](http://kitcambridge.be/blog/say-hello-to-lo-dash/)
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* Videos
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- [Introducing Lo-Dash](https://vimeo.com/44154599)
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- [Lo-Dash optimizations and custom builds](https://vimeo.com/44154601)
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- [Lo-Dash’s origin and why it’s a better utility belt](https://vimeo.com/44154600)
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- [Unit testing in Lo-Dash](https://vimeo.com/45865290)
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- [Lo-Dash’s approach to native method use](https://vimeo.com/48576012)
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- [CascadiaJS: Lo-Dash for a better utility belt](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpPy4f_SeEk)
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## Features
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* AMD loader support ([RequireJS](http://requirejs.org/), [curl.js](https://github.com/cujojs/curl), etc.)
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* [_(…)](http://lodash.com/docs#_) supports intuitive chaining
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* [_.at](http://lodash.com/docs#at) for cherry-picking collection values
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* [_.bindKey](http://lodash.com/docs#bindKey) for binding [*“lazy”* defined](http://michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern) methods
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* [_.cloneDeep](http://lodash.com/docs#cloneDeep) for deep cloning arrays and objects
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* [_.contains](http://lodash.com/docs#contains) accepts a `fromIndex` argument
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* [_.debounce](http://lodash.com/docs#debounce) and [_.throttle](http://lodash.com/docs#throttle) accept an `options` argument for more control
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* [_.createCallback](http://lodash.com/docs#createCallback) to customize how callback arguments are handled and support callback shorthands in mixins
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* [_.findIndex](http://lodash.com/docs#findIndex) and [_.findKey](http://lodash.com/docs#findKey) for finding indexes and keys of collections
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* [_.forEach](http://lodash.com/docs#forEach) is chainable and supports exiting iteration early
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* [_.forIn](http://lodash.com/docs#forIn) for iterating over an object’s own and inherited properties
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* [_.forOwn](http://lodash.com/docs#forOwn) for iterating over an object’s own properties
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* [_.isPlainObject](http://lodash.com/docs#isPlainObject) checks if values are created by the `Object` constructor
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* [_.merge](http://lodash.com/docs#merge) for a deep [_.extend](http://lodash.com/docs#extend)
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* [_.parseInt](http://lodash.com/docs#parseInt) for consistent cross-environment behavior
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* [_.partial](http://lodash.com/docs#partial) and [_.partialRight](http://lodash.com/docs#partialRight) for partial application without `this` binding
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* [_.runInContext](http://lodash.com/docs#runInContext) for easier mocking and extended environment support
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* [_.support](http://lodash.com/docs#support) to flag environment features
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* [_.template](http://lodash.com/docs#template) supports [*“imports”* options](http://lodash.com/docs#templateSettings_imports), [ES6 template delimiters](http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-7.8.6), and [sourceURLs](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl)
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* [_.transform](http://lodash.com/docs#transform) as a powerful alternative to [_.reduce](http://lodash.com/docs#reduce) for transforming objects
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* [_.unzip](http://lodash.com/docs#unzip) as the inverse of [_.zip](http://lodash.com/docs#zip)
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* [_.where](http://lodash.com/docs#where) supports deep object comparisons
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* [_.clone](http://lodash.com/docs#clone), [_.omit](http://lodash.com/docs#omit), [_.pick](http://lodash.com/docs#pick),
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[and more…](http://lodash.com/docs "_.assign, _.cloneDeep, _.first, _.initial, _.isEqual, _.last, _.merge, _.rest") accept `callback` and `thisArg` arguments
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* [_.contains](http://lodash.com/docs#contains), [_.size](http://lodash.com/docs#size), [_.toArray](http://lodash.com/docs#toArray),
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[and more…](http://lodash.com/docs "_.at, _.countBy, _.every, _.filter, _.find, _.forEach, _.groupBy, _.invoke, _.map, _.max, _.min, _.pluck, _.reduce, _.reduceRight, _.reject, _.shuffle, _.some, _.sortBy, _.where") accept strings
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* [_.filter](http://lodash.com/docs#filter), [_.find](http://lodash.com/docs#find), [_.map](http://lodash.com/docs#map),
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[and more…](http://lodash.com/docs "_.countBy, _.every, _.first, _.groupBy, _.initial, _.last, _.max, _.min, _.reject, _.rest, _.some, _.sortBy, _.sortedIndex, _.uniq") support *“_.pluck”* and *“_.where”* `callback` shorthands
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## Support
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Lo-Dash has been tested in at least Chrome 5~27, Firefox 2~21, IE 6-10, Opera 9.25~12, Safari 3-6, Node.js 0.4.8-0.10.12*, Narwhal 0.3.2, PhantomJS 1.9.0, RingoJS 0.9, and Rhino 1.7RC5.
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\* Node bugs [#5622](https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/5622) and [#5688](https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/5688) prevent the `lodash` command-line utility from creating minified builds in Node.js 0.10.8-0.10.11
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## Custom builds
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Custom builds make it easy to create lightweight versions of Lo-Dash containing only the methods you need.
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To top it off, we handle all method dependency and alias mapping for you.
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For a more detailed summary over the differences between various builds, check out the [wiki page](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/wiki/build-differences).
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* Backbone builds, with only methods required by Backbone, may be created using the `backbone` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash backbone
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```
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* Legacy builds, tailored for older environments without [ES5 support](http://es5.github.com/), may be created using the `legacy` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash legacy
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```
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* Modern builds, tailored for newer environments with ES5 support, may be created using the `modern` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash modern
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```
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* Mobile builds, without method compilation and most bug fixes for old browsers, may be created using the `mobile` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash mobile
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```
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* Strict builds, with `_.bindAll`, `_.defaults`, and `_.extend` in [strict mode](http://es5.github.com/#C), may be created using the `strict` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash strict
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```
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* Underscore builds, tailored for projects already using Underscore, may be created using the `underscore` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash underscore
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```
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Custom builds may be created using the following commands:
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* Use the `category` argument to pass comma separated categories of methods to include in the build.<br>
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Valid categories (case-insensitive) are *“arrays”*, *“chaining”*, *“collections”*, *“functions”*, *“objects”*, and *“utilities”*.
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```bash
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lodash category=collections,functions
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lodash category="collections, functions"
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```
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* Use the `exports` argument to pass comma separated names of ways to export the `LoDash` function.<br>
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Valid exports are *“amd”*, *“commonjs”*, *“global”*, *“node”*, and *“none”*.
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```bash
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lodash exports=amd,commonjs,node
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lodash exports="amd, commonjs, node"
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```
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* Use the `iife` argument to specify code to replace the immediately-invoked function expression that wraps Lo-Dash.
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```bash
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lodash iife="!function(window,undefined){%output%}(this)"
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```
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* Use the `include` argument to pass comma separated method/category names to include in the build.
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```bash
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lodash include=each,filter,map
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lodash include="each, filter, map"
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```
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* Use the `minus` argument to pass comma separated method/category names to remove from those included in the build.
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```bash
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lodash underscore minus=result,shuffle
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lodash underscore minus="result, shuffle"
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```
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* Use the `plus` argument to pass comma separated method/category names to add to those included in the build.
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```bash
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lodash backbone plus=random,template
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lodash backbone plus="random, template"
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```
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* Use the `template` argument to pass the file path pattern used to match template files to precompile.
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```bash
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lodash template="./*.jst"
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```
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* Use the `settings` argument to pass the template settings used when precompiling templates.
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```bash
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lodash settings="{interpolate:/\{\{([\s\S]+?)\}\}/g}"
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```
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* Use the `moduleId` argument to specify the AMD module ID of Lo-Dash, which defaults to “lodash”, used by precompiled templates.
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```bash
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lodash moduleId="underscore"
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```
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All arguments, except `legacy` with `mobile`, `modern`, or `underscore`, may be combined.<br>
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Unless specified by `-o` or `--output`, all files created are saved to the current working directory.
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The following options are also supported:
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* `-c`, `--stdout` ......... Write output to standard output
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* `-d`, `--debug` ........... Write only the non-minified development output
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* `-h`, `--help` ............. Display help information
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* `-m`, `--minify` ......... Write only the minified production output
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* `-o`, `--output` ......... Write output to a given path/filename
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* `-p`, `--source-map` .. Generate a source map for the minified output, using an optional source map URL
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* `-s`, `--silent` ......... Skip status updates normally logged to the console
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* `-V`, `--version` ....... Output current version of Lo-Dash
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The `lodash` command-line utility is available when Lo-Dash is installed as a global package (i.e. `npm install -g lodash`).
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## Installation and usage
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In browsers:
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```html
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<script src="lodash.js"></script>
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```
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Using [`npm`](http://npmjs.org/):
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```bash
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npm install lodash
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npm install -g lodash
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npm link lodash
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```
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To avoid potential issues, update `npm` before installing Lo-Dash:
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```bash
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npm install npm -g
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```
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In [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/) and [RingoJS ≥ v0.8.0](http://ringojs.org/):
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```js
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var _ = require('lodash');
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// or as a drop-in replacement for Underscore
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var _ = require('lodash/dist/lodash.underscore');
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```
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**Note:** If Lo-Dash is installed globally, run [`npm link lodash`](http://blog.nodejs.org/2011/03/23/npm-1-0-global-vs-local-installation/) in your project’s root directory before requiring it.
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In [RingoJS ≤ v0.7.0](http://ringojs.org/):
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```js
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var _ = require('lodash')._;
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```
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In [Rhino](http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/):
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```js
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load('lodash.js');
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```
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In an AMD loader like [RequireJS](http://requirejs.org/):
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```js
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require({
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'paths': {
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'underscore': 'path/to/lodash'
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}
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},
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['underscore'], function(_) {
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console.log(_.VERSION);
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});
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```
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## Release Notes
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### <sup>v1.3.1</sup>
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* Added missing `cache` property to the objects returned by `getObject`
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* Ensured `maxWait` unit tests pass in Ringo
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* Increased the `maxPoolSize` value
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* Optimized `releaseArray` and `releaseObject`
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### <sup>v1.3.0</sup>
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* Added `_.transform` method
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* Added `_.chain` and `_.findWhere` aliases
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* Added internal array and object pooling
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* Added Istanbul test coverage reports to Travis CI
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* Added `maxWait` option to `_.debounce`
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* Added support for floating point numbers to `_.random`
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* Added Volo configuration to package.json
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* Adjusted UMD for `component build`
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* Allowed more stable mixing of `lodash` and `underscore` build methods
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* Ensured debounced function with, `leading` and `trailing` options, works as expected
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* Ensured minified builds work with the Dojo builder
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* Ensured minification avoids deoptimizing expressions containing boolean values
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* Ensured support for `--output` paths containing build command keywords
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* Ensured unknown types return `false` in `_.isObject` and `_.isRegExp`
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* Ensured `_.clone`, `_.flatten`, and `_.uniq` can be used as a `callback` for methods like `_.map`
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* Ensured `_.forIn` works on objects with longer inheritance chains in IE < 9
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* Ensured `_.isPlainObject` returns `true` for empty objects in IE < 9
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* Ensured `_.max` and `_.min` chain correctly
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* Ensured `clearTimeout` use doesn’t cause errors in Titanium
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* Ensured that the `--stdout` build option doesn't write to a file
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* Exposed memoized function’s `cache`
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* Fixed `Error.prototype` iteration bugs
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* Fixed "scripts" paths in component.json
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* Made methods support customizing `_.indexOf`
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* Made the build track dependencies of private functions
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* Made the `template` pre-compiler build option avoid escaping non-ascii characters
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* Made `_.createCallback` avoid binding functions if they don’t reference `this`
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* Optimized the Closure Compiler minification process
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* Optimized the large array cache for `_.difference`, `_.intersection`, and `_.uniq`
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* Optimized internal `_.flatten` and `_.indexOf` use
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* Reduced `_.unzip` and `_.zip`
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* Removed special handling of arrays in `_.assign` and `_.defaults`
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The full changelog is available [here](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/wiki/Changelog).
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## BestieJS
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Lo-Dash is part of the BestieJS *“Best in Class”* module collection. This means we promote solid browser/environment support, ES5+ precedents, unit testing, and plenty of documentation.
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## Author
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| [](http://twitter.com/jdalton "Follow @jdalton on Twitter") |
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| [John-David Dalton](http://allyoucanleet.com/) |
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## Contributors
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| [](https://twitter.com/kitcambridge "Follow @kitcambridge on Twitter") | [](http://twitter.com/mathias "Follow @mathias on Twitter") |
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| [Kit Cambridge](http://kitcambridge.github.io/) | [Mathias Bynens](http://mathiasbynens.be/) |
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