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328 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
328 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
# Lo-Dash <sup>v0.7.0</sup>
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A drop-in replacement<sup>[*](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/wiki/Drop-in-Disclaimer)</sup> for Underscore.js, from the devs behind [jsPerf.com](http://jsperf.com), delivering [performance](http://lodash.com/benchmarks), [bug fixes](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#resolved-underscorejs-issues-20), and [additional features](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#features).
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Lo-Dash’s performance is gained by avoiding slower native methods, instead opting for simplified non-ES5 compliant methods optimized for common usage, and by leveraging function compilation to reduce the number of overall function calls.
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## Download
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* [Development source](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v0.7.0/lodash.js)
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* [Production source](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v0.7.0/lodash.min.js)
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* CDN copies of ≤ [v0.7.0](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/0.7.0/lodash.min.js) are available on [cdnjs](http://cdnjs.com/) thanks to [CloudFlare](http://www.cloudflare.com/)
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* For optimal performance, [create a custom build](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#custom-builds) with only the features you need
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## Dive in
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We’ve got [API docs](http://lodash.com/docs), [benchmarks](http://lodash.com/benchmarks), and [unit tests](http://lodash.com/tests).
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Create your own benchmarks at [jsPerf](http://jsperf.com), or [search](http://jsperf.com/search?q=lodash) for existing ones.
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For a list of upcoming features, check out our [roadmap](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/wiki/Roadmap).
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## Screencasts
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For more information check out these screencasts over Lo-Dash:
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* [Introducing Lo-Dash](https://vimeo.com/44154599)
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* [Lo-Dash optimizations and custom builds](https://vimeo.com/44154601)
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* [Lo-Dash’s origin and why it’s a better utility belt](https://vimeo.com/44154600)
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* [Unit testing in Lo-Dash](https://vimeo.com/45865290)
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* [Lo-Dash’s approach to native method use](https://vimeo.com/48576012)
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## Features
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* AMD loader support ([RequireJS](http://requirejs.org/), [curl.js](https://github.com/cujojs/curl), etc.)
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* [_.clone](http://lodash.com/docs#clone) supports *“deep”* cloning
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* [_.countBy](http://lodash.com/docs#countBy) as a companion function for [_.groupBy](http://lodash.com/docs#groupBy) and [_.sortBy](http://lodash.com/docs#sortBy)
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* [_.debounce](http://lodash.com/docs#debounce)’ed functions match [_.throttle](http://lodash.com/docs#throttle)’ed functions’ return value behavior
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* [_.forEach](http://lodash.com/docs#forEach) is chainable and supports exiting iteration early
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* [_.forIn](http://lodash.com/docs#forIn) for iterating over an object’s own and inherited properties
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* [_.forOwn](http://lodash.com/docs#forOwn) for iterating over an object’s own properties
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* [_.indexOf](http://lodash.com/docs#indexOf) and [_.lastIndexOf](http://lodash.com/docs#lastIndexOf) accept a `fromIndex` argument
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* [_.invert](http://lodash.com/docs#invert) to create inverted objects
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* [_.merge](http://lodash.com/docs#merge) for a *“deep”* [_.extend](http://lodash.com/docs#extend)
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* [_.object](http://lodash.com/docs#object) and [_.pairs](http://lodash.com/docs#pairs) for composing objects
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* [_.omit](http://lodash.com/docs#omit) for the inverse functionality of [_.pick](http://lodash.com/docs#pick)
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* [_.partial](http://lodash.com/docs#partial) for partial application without `this` binding
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* [_.pick](http://lodash.com/docs#pick) and [_.omit](http://lodash.com/docs#omit) accept `callback` and `thisArg` arguments
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* [_.random](http://lodash.com/docs#random) for generating random numbers within a given range
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* [_.sortBy](http://lodash.com/docs#sortBy) performs a [stable](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) sort
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* [_.template](http://lodash.com/docs#template) utilizes [sourceURLs](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl) for easier debugging
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* [_.unescape](http://lodash.com/docs#unescape) to unescape strings escaped by [_.escape](http://lodash.com/docs#escape)
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* [_.where](http://lodash.com/docs#where) for filtering collections by contained properties
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* [_.countBy](http://lodash.com/docs#countBy), [_.groupBy](http://lodash.com/docs#groupBy), [_.sortedIndex](http://lodash.com/docs#sortedIndex), and [_.uniq](http://lodash.com/docs#uniq) accept a `thisArg` argument
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* [_.contains](http://lodash.com/docs#contains), [_.size](http://lodash.com/docs#size), [_.toArray](http://lodash.com/docs#toArray),
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[and more…](http://lodash.com/docs "_.countBy, _.every, _.filter, _.find, _.forEach, _.groupBy, _.invoke, _.map, _.pluck, _.reduce, _.reduceRight, _.reject, _.some, _.sortBy, _.where") accept strings
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## Support
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Lo-Dash has been tested in at least Chrome 5-21, Firefox 1-15, IE 6-9, Opera 9.25-12, Safari 3-6, Node.js 0.4.8-0.8.8, Narwhal 0.3.2, RingoJS 0.8, and Rhino 1.7RC5.
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## Custom builds
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Custom builds make it easy to create lightweight versions of Lo-Dash containing only the methods you need.
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To top it off, we handle all method dependency and alias mapping for you.
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* Backbone builds, with only methods required by Backbone, may be created using the `backbone` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash backbone
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```
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* CSP builds, supporting default Content Security Policy restrictions, may be created using the `csp` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash csp
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```
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* Legacy builds, tailored for older browsers without [ES5 support](http://es5.github.com/), may be created using the `legacy` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash legacy
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```
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* Mobile builds, with IE < 9 bug fixes and method compilation removed, may be created using the `mobile` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash mobile
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```
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* Strict builds, with `_.bindAll`, `_.defaults`, and `_.extend` in [strict mode](http://es5.github.com/#C), may be created using the `strict` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash strict
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```
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* Underscore builds, with iteration fixes removed and only Underscore’s API, may be created using the `underscore` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash underscore
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```
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Custom builds may be created using the following commands:
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* Use the `category` argument to pass comma separated categories of methods to include in the build.<br>
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Valid categories are *“arrays”*, *“chaining”*, *“collections”*, *“functions”*, *“objects”*, and *“utilities”*.
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```bash
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lodash category=collections,functions
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lodash category="collections, functions"
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```
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* Use the `exclude` argument to pass comma separated names of methods to exclude from the build.
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```bash
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lodash exclude=union,uniq,zip
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lodash exclude="union, uniq, zip"
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```
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* Use the `exports` argument to pass comma separated names of ways to export the `LoDash` function.<br>
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Valid exports are *“amd”*, *“commonjs”*, *“global”*, *“node”*, and *“none”*.
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```bash
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lodash exports=amd,commonjs,node
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lodash include="amd, commonjs, node"
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```
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* Use the `iife` argument to specify code to replace the immediately-invoked function expression that wraps Lo-Dash.
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```bash
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lodash iife="!function(window,undefined){%output%}(this)"
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```
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* Use the `include` argument to pass comma separated names of methods to include in the build.
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```bash
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lodash include=each,filter,map
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lodash include="each, filter, map"
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```
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All arguments, except `exclude` with `include` and `legacy` with `csp`/`mobile`, may be combined.
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```bash
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lodash backbone legacy exports=global category=utilities exclude=first,last
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lodash -s underscore mobile strict exports=amd category=functions include=pick,uniq
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```
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The following options are also supported:
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* `-c`, `--stdout` Write output to standard output
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* `-h`, `--help` Display help information
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* `-o`, `--output` Write output to a given path/filename
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* `-s`, `--silent` Skip status updates normally logged to the console
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* `-V`, `--version` Output current version of Lo-Dash
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The `lodash` command-line utility is available when Lo-Dash is installed as a global package (i.e. `npm install -g lodash`).
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Custom builds are saved to `lodash.custom.js` and `lodash.custom.min.js`.
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## Installation and usage
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In browsers:
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```html
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<script src="lodash.js"></script>
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```
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Using [npm](http://npmjs.org/):
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```bash
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npm install lodash
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npm install -g lodash
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```
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In [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/) and [RingoJS v0.8.0+](http://ringojs.org/):
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```js
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var _ = require('lodash');
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```
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In [RingoJS v0.7.0-](http://ringojs.org/):
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```js
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var _ = require('lodash')._;
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```
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In [Rhino](http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/):
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```js
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load('lodash.js');
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```
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In an AMD loader like [RequireJS](http://requirejs.org/):
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```js
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require({
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'paths': {
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'underscore': 'path/to/lodash'
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}
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},
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['underscore'], function(_) {
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console.log(_.VERSION);
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});
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```
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## Resolved Underscore.js issues <sup>(20+)</sup>
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* Allow iteration of objects with a `length` property [[#148](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/148), [#154](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/154), [#252](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/252), [#448](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/448), [#659](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/659), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L543-549)]
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* Ensure array-like objects with invalid `length` properties are treated like regular objects [[#741](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/741), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L491-501)]
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* Ensure *“Arrays”*, *“Collections”*, and *“Objects”* methods don’t error when passed falsey arguments [[#650](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/650), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L1719-1754)]
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* Ensure *“Collections”* methods allow string `collection` arguments [[#247](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/247), [#276](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/276), [#561](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/561), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L503-520)]
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* Fix cross-browser object iteration bugs [[#60](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/60), [#376](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/376), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L554-579)]
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* Methods should work on pages with incorrectly shimmed native methods [[#7](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/7), [#742](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/742), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L134-140)]
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* Register as an AMD module, but still export to global [[#431](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/431), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L118-132)]
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* `_.clone` should allow `deep` cloning [[#595](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/595), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L223-234)]
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* `_.contains` should work with strings [[#667](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/667), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L289-298)]
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* `_.countBy` and `_.groupBy` should only add values to own, not inherited, properties [[#736](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/736), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L306-313)]
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* `_.extend` should recursively extend objects [[#379](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/379), [#718](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/718), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L946-968)]
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* `_.forEach` should be chainable [[#142](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/142), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L486-489)]
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* `_.forEach` should allow exiting iteration early [[#211](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/211), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L581-600)]
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* `_.isElement` should use strict equality for its duck type check [[#734](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/734), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L696-705)]
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* `_.isEmpty` should support jQuery/MooTools DOM query collections [[#690](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/690), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L732-737)]
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* `_.isEqual` should return `true` for like-objects from different documents [[#733](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/733), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L784-795)]
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* `_.isEqual` should use custom `isEqual` methods before checking strict equality [[#748](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/748), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L758-761)]
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* `_.isObject` should avoid V8 bug [#2291](http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291) [[#605](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/605), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L803-815)]
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* `_.isNaN(new Number(NaN))` should return `true` [[#749](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/749), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L823-825)]
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* `_.keys` should work with `arguments` objects cross-browser [[#396](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/396), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L879-881)]
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* `_.range` should coerce arguments to numbers [[#634](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/634), [#683](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/683), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L1222-1225)]
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* `_.reduceRight` should pass correct callback arguments when iterating objects [[test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L1257-1271)]
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* `_.sortedIndex` should support arrays with high `length` values [[#735](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/735), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L1404-1413)]
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* `_.throttle` should work when called in a loop [[#502](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/502), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L1534-1544)]
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* `_.toArray` uses custom `toArray` methods of arrays and strings [[#747](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/747), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v0.7.0/test/test.js#L1571-1579)]
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## Optimized methods <sup>(50+)</sup>
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* `_.bind`
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* `_.bindAll`
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* `_.clone`
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* `_.compact`
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* `_.contains`, `_.include`
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* `_.defaults`
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* `_.defer`
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* `_.difference`
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* `_.each`
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* `_.every`, `_.all`
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* `_.extend`
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* `_.filter`, `_.select`
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* `_.find`, `_.detect`
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* `_.flatten`
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* `_.forEach`, `_.each`
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* `_.functions`, `_.methods`
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* `_.groupBy`
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* `_.indexOf`
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* `_.intersection`
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* `_.invert`
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* `_.invoke`
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* `_.isArguments`
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* `_.isDate`
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* `_.isEmpty`
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* `_.isFinite`
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* `_.isFunction`
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* `_.isObject`
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* `_.isNumber`
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* `_.isRegExp`
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* `_.isString`
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* `_.keys`
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* `_.lastIndexOf`
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* `_.map`, `_.collect`
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* `_.max`
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* `_.memoize`
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* `_.min`
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* `_.mixin`
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* `_.omit`
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* `_.pairs`
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* `_.pick`
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* `_.pluck`
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* `_.reduce`, `_.foldl`, `_.inject`
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* `_.reject`
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* `_.result`
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* `_.shuffle`
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* `_.some`, `_.any`
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* `_.sortBy`
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* `_.sortedIndex`
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* `_.template`
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* `_.throttle`
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* `_.times`
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* `_.toArray`
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* `_.union`
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* `_.uniq`, `_.unique`
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* `_.values`
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* `_.without`
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* `_.wrap`
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* `_.zip`
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* plus all `_(…)` method wrappers
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## Release Notes
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### <sup>v0.7.0</sup>
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#### Compatibility Warnings ####
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* Renamed `_.zipObject` to `_.object`
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* Replaced `_.drop` with `_.omit`
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* Made `_.drop` alias `_.rest`
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#### Changes ####
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* Added [_.invert](http://lodash.com/docs#invert), [_.pairs](http://lodash.com/docs#pairs), and [_.random](http://lodash.com/docs#random)
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* Added `_.result` to the `backbone` build
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* Added `exports`, `iife`, `-c`/`--stdout`, `-o`/`--output`, and `-s`/`--silent` build options
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* Ensured `isPlainObject` works with objects from other documements
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* Ensured `_.isEqual` compares values with circular references correctly
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* Ensured `_.merge` work with four or more arguments
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* Ensured `_.sortBy` performs a stable sort for `undefined` values
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* Ensured `_.template` works with "interpolate" delimiters containing ternary operators
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* Ensured the production build works in Node.js
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* Ensured template delimiters are tokenized correctly
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* Made pseudo private properties `_chain` and `_wrapped` double-underscored to avoid conflicts
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* Made `minify.js` support `underscore.js`
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* Reduced the size of `mobile` and `underscore` builds
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* Simplified `_.isEqual` and `_.size`
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The full changelog is available [here](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/wiki/Changelog).
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## BestieJS
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Lo-Dash is part of the BestieJS *“Best in Class”* module collection. This means we promote solid browser/environment support, ES5 precedents, unit testing, and plenty of documentation.
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## Author
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* [John-David Dalton](http://allyoucanleet.com/)
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[](https://twitter.com/jdalton "Follow @jdalton on Twitter")
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## Contributors
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* [Kit Cambridge](http://kitcambridge.github.com/)
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[](https://twitter.com/kitcambridge "Follow @kitcambridge on Twitter")
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* [Mathias Bynens](http://mathiasbynens.be/)
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[](https://twitter.com/mathias "Follow @mathias on Twitter")
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