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300 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
300 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# Lo-Dash <sup>v1.0.0-rc.3</sup>
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[](http://travis-ci.org/bestiejs/lodash)
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An alternative to Underscore.js, delivering [consistency](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#resolved-underscorejs-issues), [customization](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#custom-builds), [performance](http://lodash.com/benchmarks), and [extra features](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#features).
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## Download
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* Lo-Dash builds:<br>
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[Development](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.0.0-rc.3/lodash.js) and
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[Production](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.0.0-rc.3/lodash.min.js)
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* Underscore compatibility builds:<br>
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[Development](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.0.0-rc.3/lodash.underscore.js) and
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[Production](https://raw.github.com/bestiejs/lodash/v1.0.0-rc.3/lodash.underscore.min.js)
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* CDN copies of ≤ v1.0.0-rc.3’s builds are available on [cdnjs](http://cdnjs.com/) thanks to [CloudFlare](http://www.cloudflare.com/):<br>
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[Lo-Dash dev](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.0.0-rc.3/lodash.js),
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[Lo-Dash prod](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.0.0-rc.3/lodash.min.js),
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[Underscore compat-dev](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.0.0-rc.3/lodash.underscore.js), and
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[Underscore compat-prod](http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/1.0.0-rc.3/lodash.underscore.min.js)
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* For optimal file size, [create a custom build](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash#custom-builds) with only the features you need
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## Dive in
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We’ve got [API docs](http://lodash.com/docs), [benchmarks](http://lodash.com/benchmarks), and [unit tests](http://lodash.com/tests).
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For a list of upcoming features, check out our [roadmap](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/wiki/Roadmap).
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## Screencasts
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For more information check out these screencasts over Lo-Dash:
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* [Introducing Lo-Dash](https://vimeo.com/44154599)
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* [Lo-Dash optimizations and custom builds](https://vimeo.com/44154601)
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* [Lo-Dash’s origin and why it’s a better utility belt](https://vimeo.com/44154600)
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* [Unit testing in Lo-Dash](https://vimeo.com/45865290)
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* [Lo-Dash’s approach to native method use](https://vimeo.com/48576012)
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* [CascadiaJS: Lo-Dash for a better utility belt](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpPy4f_SeEk)
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## Features
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* AMD loader support ([RequireJS](http://requirejs.org/), [curl.js](https://github.com/cujojs/curl), etc.)
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* [_(…)](http://lodash.com/docs#_) supports intuitive chaining
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* [_.bindKey](http://lodash.com/docs#bindKey) for binding [*“lazy”* defined](http://michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern) methods
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* [_.cloneDeep](http://lodash.com/docs#cloneDeep) for *“deep”* cloning arrays and objects
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* [_.contains](http://lodash.com/docs#contains) accepts a `fromIndex` argument
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* [_.forEach](http://lodash.com/docs#forEach) is chainable and supports exiting iteration early
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* [_.forIn](http://lodash.com/docs#forIn) for iterating over an object’s own and inherited properties
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* [_.forOwn](http://lodash.com/docs#forOwn) for iterating over an object’s own properties
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* [_.isPlainObject](http://lodash.com/docs#isPlainObject) checks if values are created by the `Object` constructor
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* [_.merge](http://lodash.com/docs#merge) for a *“deep”* [_.extend](http://lodash.com/docs#extend)
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* [_.partial](http://lodash.com/docs#partial) for partial application without `this` binding
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* [_.pick](http://lodash.com/docs#pick) and [_.omit](http://lodash.com/docs#omit) accepts `callback` and `thisArg` arguments
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* [_.template](http://lodash.com/docs#template) supports [ES6 template delimiters](http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-7.8.6) and utilizes [sourceURLs](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl) for easier debugging
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* [_.contains](http://lodash.com/docs#contains), [_.size](http://lodash.com/docs#size), [_.toArray](http://lodash.com/docs#toArray),
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[and more…](http://lodash.com/docs "_.countBy, _.every, _.filter, _.find, _.forEach, _.groupBy, _.invoke, _.map, _.max, _.min, _.pluck, _.reduce, _.reduceRight, _.reject, _.shuffle, _.some, _.sortBy, _.where") accept strings
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## Support
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Lo-Dash has been tested in at least Chrome 5~23, Firefox 1~17, IE 6-10, Opera 9.25-12, Safari 3-6, Node.js 0.4.8-0.8.16, Narwhal 0.3.2, RingoJS 0.8, and Rhino 1.7RC5.
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## Custom builds
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Custom builds make it easy to create lightweight versions of Lo-Dash containing only the methods you need.
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To top it off, we handle all method dependency and alias mapping for you.
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* Backbone builds, with only methods required by Backbone, may be created using the `backbone` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash backbone
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```
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* CSP builds, supporting default [Content Security Policy](http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/content-security-policy/raw-file/tip/csp-specification.dev.html) restrictions, may be created using the `csp` modifier argument.
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The `csp` modifier is an alais of the `mobile` modifier. Chrome extensions will require [sandboxing](http://developer.chrome.com/extensions/sandboxingEval.html) or the use of either the `csp`, `mobile`, or `underscore` build.
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```bash
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lodash csp
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```
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* Legacy builds, tailored for older browsers without [ES5 support](http://es5.github.com/), may be created using the `legacy` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash legacy
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```
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* Mobile builds, with IE < 9 bug fixes and method compilation removed, may be created using the `mobile` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash mobile
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```
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* Strict builds, with `_.bindAll`, `_.defaults`, and `_.extend` in [strict mode](http://es5.github.com/#C), may be created using the `strict` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash strict
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```
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* Underscore builds, tailored for projects already using Underscore, may be created using the `underscore` modifier argument.
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```bash
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lodash underscore
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```
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Custom builds may be created using the following commands:
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* Use the `category` argument to pass comma separated categories of methods to include in the build.<br>
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Valid categories (case-insensitive) are *“arrays”*, *“chaining”*, *“collections”*, *“functions”*, *“objects”*, and *“utilities”*.
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```bash
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lodash category=collections,functions
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lodash category="collections, functions"
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```
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* Use the `exports` argument to pass comma separated names of ways to export the `LoDash` function.<br>
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Valid exports are *“amd”*, *“commonjs”*, *“global”*, *“node”*, and *“none”*.
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```bash
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lodash exports=amd,commonjs,node
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lodash exports="amd, commonjs, node"
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```
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* Use the `iife` argument to specify code to replace the immediately-invoked function expression that wraps Lo-Dash.
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```bash
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lodash iife="!function(window,undefined){%output%}(this)"
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```
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* Use the `include` argument to pass comma separated method/category names to include in the build.
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```bash
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lodash include=each,filter,map
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lodash include="each, filter, map"
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```
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* Use the `minus` argument to pass comma separated method/category names to remove from those included in the build.
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```bash
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lodash underscore minus=result,shuffle
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lodash underscore minus="result, shuffle"
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```
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* Use the `plus` argument to pass comma separated method/category names to add to those included in the build.
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```bash
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lodash backbone plus=random,template
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lodash backbone plus="random, template"
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```
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* Use the `template` argument to pass the file path pattern used to match template files to precompile.
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```bash
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lodash template="./*.jst"
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```
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* Use the `settings` argument to pass the template settings used when precompiling templates.
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```bash
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lodash settings="{interpolate:/\\{\\{([\\s\\S]+?)\\}\\}/g}"
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```
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* Use the `moduleId` argument to specify the AMD module ID of Lo-Dash, which defaults to “lodash”, used by precompiled templates.
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```bash
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lodash moduleId="underscore"
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```
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All arguments, except `legacy` with `csp` or `mobile`, may be combined.<br>
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Unless specified by `-o` or `--output`, all files created are saved to the current working directory.
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The following options are also supported:
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* `-c`, `--stdout` Write output to standard output
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* `-d`, `--debug` Write only the debug output
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* `-h`, `--help` Display help information
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* `-m`, `--minify` Write only the minified output
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* `-o`, `--output` Write output to a given path/filename
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* `-s`, `--silent` Skip status updates normally logged to the console
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* `-V`, `--version` Output current version of Lo-Dash
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The `lodash` command-line utility is available when Lo-Dash is installed as a global package (i.e. `npm install -g lodash`).
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## Installation and usage
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In browsers:
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```html
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<script src="lodash.js"></script>
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```
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Using [`npm`](http://npmjs.org/):
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```bash
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npm install lodash
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npm install -g lodash
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npm link lodash
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```
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To avoid potential issues, update `npm` before installing Lo-Dash:
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```bash
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npm install npm -g
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```
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In [Node.js](http://nodejs.org/) and [RingoJS v0.8.0+](http://ringojs.org/):
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```js
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var _ = require('lodash');
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// or as a drop-in replacement for Underscore
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var _ = require('lodash/lodash.underscore');
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```
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**Note:** If Lo-Dash is installed globally, run [`npm link lodash`](http://blog.nodejs.org/2011/03/23/npm-1-0-global-vs-local-installation/) in your project’s root directory before requiring it.
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In [RingoJS v0.7.0-](http://ringojs.org/):
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```js
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var _ = require('lodash')._;
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```
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In [Rhino](http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/):
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```js
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load('lodash.js');
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```
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In an AMD loader like [RequireJS](http://requirejs.org/):
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```js
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require({
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'paths': {
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'underscore': 'path/to/lodash'
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}
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},
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['underscore'], function(_) {
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console.log(_.VERSION);
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});
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```
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## Resolved Underscore.js issues
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* Allow iteration of objects with a `length` property [[#799](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/799), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v1.0.0-rc.3/test/test.js#L605-L611)]
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* Fix cross-browser object iteration bugs [[#60](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/60), [#376](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/376), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v1.0.0-rc.3/test/test.js#L618-L642)]
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* Methods should work on pages with incorrectly shimmed native methods [[#7](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/7), [#742](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/742), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v1.0.0-rc.3/test/test.js#L140-L146)]
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* `_.isEmpty` should support jQuery/MooTools DOM query collections [[#690](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/pull/690), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v1.0.0-rc.3/test/test.js#L807-L812)]
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* `_.isObject` should avoid V8 bug [#2291](http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291) [[#605](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/605), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v1.0.0-rc.3/test/test.js#L888-L900)]
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* `_.keys` should work with `arguments` objects cross-browser [[#396](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/396), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v1.0.0-rc.3/test/test.js#L982-L984)]
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* `_.range` should coerce arguments to numbers [[#634](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/634), [#683](https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/683), [test](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/blob/v1.0.0-rc.3/test/test.js#L1383-L1386)]
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## Release Notes
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### <sup>v1.0.0-rc.3</sup>
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#### Compatibility Warnings
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* Made `_#join`, `_#pop`, and `_#shift` wrapper methods return unwrapped values
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* Made *“Functions”* methods wrapper counterparts return wrapped values
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* Removed `_.chain` and `_#chain` methods
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#### Changes
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* Added [_.cloneDeep](http://lodash.com/docs#cloneDeep) alias of `_.clone(…, true)`
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* Added `_.once` to the `backbone` build method dependencies
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* Ensured `backbone` builds implement Underscore’s chaining behavior
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* Ensured the `settings=…` build option doesn’t clobber the default `moduleId`
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* Ensured Lo-Dash’s `npm` package installation avoids erroring when no other modules have been globally installed
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* Made compiled templates loaded via AMD use the Lo-Dash module for their `_` references
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* Removed the *“Collections”* method `_.forEach` dependency from *“Arrays”* method `_.intersection`
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* Optimized `_.isArray` and `_.isFunction` fallbacks as well as<br>
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`_.intersection`, `_.isDate`, `_.isRegExp`, `_.reduce`, `_.reduceRight`, `_.union`, and `_.uniq`
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### <sup>v1.0.0-rc.2</sup>
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* Specified more method chaining behaviors
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* Updated `underscore` build compatibility to v1.4.3
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### <sup>v1.0.0-rc.1</sup>
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#### Compatibility Warnings
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* Made `_(…)` intuitively chain without needing to call `_#chain`
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* Made `_.isEqual` equate `arguments` objects to similar `Object` objects
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* Made `_.clone` copy the enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects<br>
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created by constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects
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#### Changes
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* Ensure Lo-Dash runs in the JS engine embedded in Adobe products
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* Ensured `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` pass the correct number of `callback` arguments
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* Ensured `_.throttle` nulls the `timeoutId`
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* Made deep `_.clone` more closely follow the structured clone algorithm and copy array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`
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* Optimized compiled templates in Firefox
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* Optimized `_.forEach`, `_.forOwn`, `_.isNumber`, and `_.isString`
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* Simplified `iteratorTemplate`
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The full changelog is available [here](https://github.com/bestiejs/lodash/wiki/Changelog).
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## BestieJS
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Lo-Dash is part of the BestieJS *“Best in Class”* module collection. This means we promote solid browser/environment support, ES5 precedents, unit testing, and plenty of documentation.
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## Author
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* [John-David Dalton](http://allyoucanleet.com/)
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[](https://twitter.com/jdalton "Follow @jdalton on Twitter")
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## Contributors
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* [Kit Cambridge](http://kitcambridge.github.com/)
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[](https://twitter.com/kitcambridge "Follow @kitcambridge on Twitter")
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* [Mathias Bynens](http://mathiasbynens.be/)
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[](https://twitter.com/mathias "Follow @mathias on Twitter")
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