Make _.bind follow ES5 spec so it will work with a common Backbone pattern. [closes #11]

Former-commit-id: 8d5e399ca9727a32604601f81fffd9134104c8f4

lodash.js

@@ -472,6 +472,15 @@
     return '\\' + escapes[match];
   }
 
+  /**
+   * A no-operation function.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  function noop() {
+    // no operation performed
+  }
+
   /**
    * Used by `template()` to replace "escape" template delimiters with tokens.
    *
@@ -1701,18 +1710,20 @@
     }
     // use if `Function#bind` is faster
     else if (nativeBind) {
-      func = nativeBind.call.apply(nativeBind, arguments);
-      return function() {
-        return arguments.length ? func.apply(undefined, arguments) : func();
-      };
+      return nativeBind.call.apply(nativeBind, arguments);
+    }
+    // spec'd to throw a TypeError
+    // http://es5.github.com/#x15.3.4.5
+    else if (toString.call(func) != funcClass) {
+      throw new TypeError;
     }
 
     var partialArgs = slice.call(arguments, 2),
         partialArgsLength = partialArgs.length;
 
-    return function() {
-      var result,
-          args = arguments;
+    function bound() {
+      var args = arguments,
+          thisBinding = thisArg;
 
       if (!isFunc) {
         func = thisArg[methodName];
@@ -1724,10 +1735,27 @@
         }
         args = partialArgs;
       }
-      result = args.length ? func.apply(thisArg, args) : func.call(thisArg);
+      var isInstance = this instanceof bound;
+      if (isInstance) {
+        // get `func` instance if `bound` is invoked in a `new` expression
+        noop.prototype = func.prototype;
+        thisBinding = new noop;
+      }
+
+      var result = args.length ? func.apply(thisBinding, args) : func.call(thisBinding);
       partialArgs.length = partialArgsLength;
+
+      if (isInstance) {
+        // mimic a constructor's `return` behavior
+        // http://es5.github.com/#x13.2.2
+        return objectTypes[typeof result] && result !== null
+          ? result
+          : thisBinding
+      }
       return result;
-    };
+    }
+
+    return bound;
   }
 
   /**

perf/perf.js

@@ -55,6 +55,17 @@
             'seventeen', 'eighteen', 'nineteen', 'twenty'
           ];
 
+      var ctor = function() { },
+          func = function(greeting) { return greeting + ': ' + this.name; };
+
+      var lodashBoundNormal = lodash.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }),
+          lodashBoundCtor = lodash.bind(ctor, { 'name': 'moe' }),
+          lodashBoundPartial = lodash.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
+
+      var _boundNormal = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }),
+          _boundCtor = _.bind(ctor, { 'name': 'moe' }),
+          _boundPartial = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
+
       for (var index = 0; index < 20; index++) {
         numbers[index] = index;
         object['key' + index] = index;
@@ -108,6 +119,48 @@
 
   /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+  suites.push(
+    Benchmark.Suite('bind call')
+      .add('Lo-Dash', function() {
+        lodash.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
+      })
+      .add('Underscore', function() {
+        _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
+      })
+  );
+
+  suites.push(
+    Benchmark.Suite('bound normal')
+      .add('Lo-Dash', function() {
+        lodashBoundNormal();
+      })
+      .add('Underscore', function() {
+        _boundNormal();
+      })
+  );
+
+  suites.push(
+    Benchmark.Suite('bound partial')
+      .add('Lo-Dash', function() {
+        lodashBoundPartial();
+      })
+      .add('Underscore', function() {
+        _boundPartial();
+      })
+  );
+
+  suites.push(
+    Benchmark.Suite('bound constructor')
+      .add('Lo-Dash', function() {
+        new lodashBoundCtor();
+      })
+      .add('Underscore', function() {
+        new _boundCtor();
+      })
+  );
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
   suites.push(
     Benchmark.Suite('each array')
       .add('Lo-Dash', function() {